For many, the idea of controlling the weather sounds like something out of science fiction. But in regions like the UAE – where water scarcity is a pressing challenge – cloud seeding has become a scientific frontier.
Four billion people – almost two thirds of the world’s population – experience severe water scarcity for at least one month each year. Finding ways to boost rainfall is more than an experiment, it’s a necessity.
At the 7th International Rain Enhancement Forum (IREF), global experts gathered in Abu Dhabi – the capital of a country that has been at the forefront of research for over a decade – to explore the latest breakthroughs in rain enhancement, from AI-powered weather prediction to drone technology and next-gen seeding materials.
Cloud seeding doesn’t create rain from nothing, it works by introducing microscopic particles (like salt or other aerosols) into clouds, helping moisture form raindrops. But traditional cloud seeding methods often rely on manned aircraft, making them costly and weather-dependent. That’s where cutting-edge technology is stepping in.
The Future of Cloud Seeding
One of the most exciting innovations discussed at IREF was the use of drones and autonomous aerial systems (UAS) for cloud seeding. Instead of relying solely on piloted aircraft, unmanned drones can deliver seeding materials with greater precision and efficiency. Researchers showcased promising projects, including:
Glaciogenic Cloud Seeding Using UAVs – a study on how uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) can help seed clouds more effectively.
Fixed-Wing UAVs for Enhanced Cloud Seeding – exploring how specially designed aircraft can improve weather modification.
AI-Powered Decision Making – systems that analyse weather conditions in real time to determine the best timing and locations for cloud seeding.

These technologies could reduce costs, lower emissions, and improve targeting, making rain enhancement more sustainable and data-driven.
Beyond the mechanics of cloud seeding, researchers are also exploring new materials to enhance rainfall in a more effective and environmentally friendly way. At the IREF forum, scientists showcased studies on advanced seeding agents, including nanotechnology-based particles designed to mimic natural cloud formation. In addition, experiments in cloud physics and ice nucleation are examining how different materials interact with cloud systems, helping refine the process for better precision and sustainability.
While early findings are promising, experts agree that long-term studies are essential to ensure these innovations are both effective and environmentally responsible.
Cloud seeding has long been a topic of debate. Some see it as a groundbreaking solution for water security, while others question its long-term effects on weather patterns and ecosystems. What’s clear is that science is advancing, and with it, new opportunities to make rain enhancement more sustainable.
With over AED 82.6 million invested in research and multiple patents secured, the UAE is pioneering the next chapter in cloud seeding one driven by technology, innovation, and a commitment to water security.
As with any climate intervention, transparency, research, and ongoing evaluation will be key. But in an era of growing droughts and extreme weather, the pursuit of sustainable rain solutions is more important than ever.